Multilevel image thresholding presents a computational challenge as the number of thresholds increases, requiring efficient optimization techniques. The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is a ...

Addressing the shortcomings of the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), such as low accuracy of convergence and tendency of falling into local optimum, a Multi-strategy Integrated Sparrow Search Algorithm ...

Overview: An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions that takes an input and produces a clear output, just like a ...